Hook技术

2024-06-06

逆向分析 / Hook技术

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Hook技术

简介

Hook的关键就是通过一定的手段埋下”钩子”，“钩”住外面关心的重要流程，然后根据需要对执行过程进行干预。

主要使用的是Win32中的**SetWindowsHookEx()**，参考详见API文档

参数名称及其含义如下：

示例如下：

HOOKPROC hkprcSysMsg;
static HINSTANCE hinstDLL; 
static HHOOK hhookSysMsg; 
 
hinstDLL = LoadLibrary(TEXT("c:\\myapp\\sysmsg.dll")); 
hkprcSysMsg = (HOOKPROC)GetProcAddress(hinstDLL, "SysMessageProc"); 

hhookSysMsg = SetWindowsHookEx( 
                    WH_SYSMSGFILTER,
                    hkprcSysMsg,
                    hinstDLL,
                    0);

使用LoadLibrary()获取DLL函数的句柄，再调用GetProcessAdrress()检索指向挂钩过程的指针，最后使用SetWindowsHookEx()传递模块句柄和0作为线程标识符，指示挂钩过程应与调用线程位于同一桌面的所有线程相关联。

Monitoring System Events

下面的示例使用各种特定于线程的挂钩过程来监视系统是否存在影响线程的事件。它演示了如何处理以下类型的挂钩过程的事件：

WH_CALLWNDPROC
WH_CBT
WH_DEBUG
WH_GETMESSAGE
WH_KEYBOARD
WH_MOUSE
WH_MSGFILTER

用户可以使用菜单安装和删除挂钩过程。当安装挂钩过程并发生该过程监视的事件时，该过程会将有关该事件的信息写入应用程序主窗口的工作区。

#include <windows.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
#include "app.h"

#pragma comment( lib, "user32.lib") 
#pragma comment( lib, "gdi32.lib")

#define NUMHOOKS 7 
 
// Global variables 
 
typedef struct _MYHOOKDATA 
{ 
    int nType; 
    HOOKPROC hkprc; 
    HHOOK hhook; 
} MYHOOKDATA; 
 
MYHOOKDATA myhookdata[NUMHOOKS]; 

HWND gh_hwndMain;

// Hook procedures

LRESULT WINAPI CallWndProc(int, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT WINAPI CBTProc(int, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT WINAPI DebugProc(int, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT WINAPI GetMsgProc(int, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT WINAPI KeyboardProc(int, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT WINAPI MouseProc(int, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT WINAPI MessageProc(int, WPARAM, LPARAM);

void LookUpTheMessage(PMSG, LPTSTR);
 
LRESULT WINAPI MainWndProc(HWND hwndMain, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
    static BOOL afHooks[NUMHOOKS]; 
    int index; 
    static HMENU hmenu; 
 
    gh_hwndMain = hwndMain;
    
    switch (uMsg) 
    { 
        case WM_CREATE: 
 
            // Save the menu handle
 
            hmenu = GetMenu(hwndMain); 
 
            // Initialize structures with hook data. The menu-item identifiers are 
            // defined as 0 through 6 in the header file app.h. They can be used to 
            // identify array elements both here and during the WM_COMMAND message. 
 
            myhookdata[IDM_CALLWNDPROC].nType = WH_CALLWNDPROC; 
            myhookdata[IDM_CALLWNDPROC].hkprc = CallWndProc; 
            myhookdata[IDM_CBT].nType = WH_CBT; 
            myhookdata[IDM_CBT].hkprc = CBTProc; 
            myhookdata[IDM_DEBUG].nType = WH_DEBUG; 
            myhookdata[IDM_DEBUG].hkprc = DebugProc; 
            myhookdata[IDM_GETMESSAGE].nType = WH_GETMESSAGE; 
            myhookdata[IDM_GETMESSAGE].hkprc = GetMsgProc; 
            myhookdata[IDM_KEYBOARD].nType = WH_KEYBOARD; 
            myhookdata[IDM_KEYBOARD].hkprc = KeyboardProc; 
            myhookdata[IDM_MOUSE].nType = WH_MOUSE; 
            myhookdata[IDM_MOUSE].hkprc = MouseProc; 
            myhookdata[IDM_MSGFILTER].nType = WH_MSGFILTER; 
            myhookdata[IDM_MSGFILTER].hkprc = MessageProc; 
 
            // Initialize all flags in the array to FALSE. 
 
            memset(afHooks, FALSE, sizeof(afHooks)); 
 
            return 0; 
 
        case WM_COMMAND: 
            switch (LOWORD(wParam)) 
            { 
                 // The user selected a hook command from the menu. 
 
                case IDM_CALLWNDPROC: 
                case IDM_CBT: 
                case IDM_DEBUG: 
                case IDM_GETMESSAGE: 
                case IDM_KEYBOARD: 
                case IDM_MOUSE: 
                case IDM_MSGFILTER: 
 
                    // Use the menu-item identifier as an index 
                    // into the array of structures with hook data. 
 
                    index = LOWORD(wParam); 
 
                    // If the selected type of hook procedure isn't 
                    // installed yet, install it and check the 
                    // associated menu item. 
 
                    if (!afHooks[index]) 
                    { 
                        myhookdata[index].hhook = SetWindowsHookEx( 
                            myhookdata[index].nType, 
                            myhookdata[index].hkprc, 
                            (HINSTANCE) NULL, GetCurrentThreadId()); 
                        CheckMenuItem(hmenu, index, 
                            MF_BYCOMMAND | MF_CHECKED); 
                        afHooks[index] = TRUE; 
                    } 
 
                    // If the selected type of hook procedure is 
                    // already installed, remove it and remove the 
                    // check mark from the associated menu item. 
 
                    else 
                    { 
                        UnhookWindowsHookEx(myhookdata[index].hhook); 
                        CheckMenuItem(hmenu, index, 
                            MF_BYCOMMAND | MF_UNCHECKED); 
                        afHooks[index] = FALSE; 
                    } 
 
                default: 
                    return (DefWindowProc(hwndMain, uMsg, wParam, 
                        lParam)); 
            } 
            break; 
 
            //
            // Process other messages. 
            //
 
        default: 
            return DefWindowProc(hwndMain, uMsg, wParam, lParam); 
    } 
    return NULL; 
} 
 
/**************************************************************** 
  WH_CALLWNDPROC hook procedure 
 ****************************************************************/ 
 
LRESULT WINAPI CallWndProc(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
    CHAR szCWPBuf[256]; 
    CHAR szMsg[16]; 
    HDC hdc; 
    static int c = 0; 
    size_t cch;
    HRESULT hResult; 
 
    if (nCode < 0)  // do not process message 
        return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_CALLWNDPROC].hhook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 
 
    // Call an application-defined function that converts a message 
    // constant to a string and copies it to a buffer. 
 
    LookUpTheMessage((PMSG) lParam, szMsg); 
 
    hdc = GetDC(gh_hwndMain); 
 
    switch (nCode) 
    { 
        case HC_ACTION:
            hResult = StringCchPrintf(szCWPBuf, 256/sizeof(TCHAR),  
               "CALLWNDPROC - tsk: %ld, msg: %s, %d times   ", 
                wParam, szMsg, c++);
            if (FAILED(hResult))
            {
            // TODO: writer error handler
            }
            hResult = StringCchLength(szCWPBuf, 256/sizeof(TCHAR), &cch);
            if (FAILED(hResult))
            {
            // TODO: write error handler
            } 
            TextOut(hdc, 2, 15, szCWPBuf, cch); 
            break; 
 
        default: 
            break; 
    } 
 
    ReleaseDC(gh_hwndMain, hdc); 
    
    return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_CALLWNDPROC].hhook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 
} 
 
/**************************************************************** 
  WH_GETMESSAGE hook procedure 
 ****************************************************************/ 
 
LRESULT CALLBACK GetMsgProc(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
    CHAR szMSGBuf[256]; 
    CHAR szRem[16]; 
    CHAR szMsg[16]; 
    HDC hdc; 
    static int c = 0; 
    size_t cch; 
    HRESULT hResult;
 
    if (nCode < 0) // do not process message 
        return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_GETMESSAGE].hhook, nCode, 
            wParam, lParam); 
 
    switch (nCode) 
    { 
        case HC_ACTION: 
            switch (wParam) 
            { 
                case PM_REMOVE:
                    hResult = StringCchCopy(szRem, 16/sizeof(TCHAR), "PM_REMOVE");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
                    break; 
 
                case PM_NOREMOVE:
                    hResult = StringCchCopy(szRem, 16/sizeof(TCHAR), "PM_NOREMOVE");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
                    break; 
 
                default:
                    hResult = StringCchCopy(szRem, 16/sizeof(TCHAR), "Unknown");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
                    break; 
            } 
 
            // Call an application-defined function that converts a 
            // message constant to a string and copies it to a 
            // buffer. 
 
            LookUpTheMessage((PMSG) lParam, szMsg); 
 
            hdc = GetDC(gh_hwndMain);
            hResult = StringCchPrintf(szMSGBuf, 256/sizeof(TCHAR), 
                "GETMESSAGE - wParam: %s, msg: %s, %d times   ", 
                szRem, szMsg, c++);
            if (FAILED(hResult))
            {
            // TODO: write error handler
            }
            hResult = StringCchLength(szMSGBuf, 256/sizeof(TCHAR), &cch);
            if (FAILED(hResult))
            {
            // TODO: write error handler
            } 
            TextOut(hdc, 2, 35, szMSGBuf, cch); 
            break; 
 
        default: 
            break; 
    } 
 
    ReleaseDC(gh_hwndMain, hdc); 
    
    return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_GETMESSAGE].hhook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 
} 
 
/**************************************************************** 
  WH_DEBUG hook procedure 
 ****************************************************************/ 
 
LRESULT CALLBACK DebugProc(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
    CHAR szBuf[128]; 
    HDC hdc; 
    static int c = 0; 
    size_t cch; 
    HRESULT hResult;
 
    if (nCode < 0)  // do not process message 
        return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_DEBUG].hhook, nCode, 
            wParam, lParam); 
 
    hdc = GetDC(gh_hwndMain); 
 
    switch (nCode) 
    { 
        case HC_ACTION:
            hResult = StringCchPrintf(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR),   
                "DEBUG - nCode: %d, tsk: %ld, %d times   ", 
                nCode,wParam, c++);
            if (FAILED(hResult))
            {
            // TODO: write error handler
            }
            hResult = StringCchLength(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), &cch);
            if (FAILED(hResult))
            {
            // TODO: write error handler
            } 
            TextOut(hdc, 2, 55, szBuf, cch); 
            break; 
 
        default: 
            break; 
    } 
 
    ReleaseDC(gh_hwndMain, hdc); 
    
    return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_DEBUG].hhook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 
} 
 
/**************************************************************** 
  WH_CBT hook procedure 
 ****************************************************************/ 
 
LRESULT CALLBACK CBTProc(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
    CHAR szBuf[128]; 
    CHAR szCode[128]; 
    HDC hdc; 
    static int c = 0; 
    size_t cch; 
    HRESULT hResult;
 
    if (nCode < 0)  // do not process message 
        return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_CBT].hhook, nCode, wParam, 
            lParam); 
 
    hdc = GetDC(gh_hwndMain); 
 
    switch (nCode) 
    { 
        case HCBT_ACTIVATE:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_ACTIVATE");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_CLICKSKIPPED:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_CLICKSKIPPED");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_CREATEWND:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_CREATEWND");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_DESTROYWND:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_DESTROYWND");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_KEYSKIPPED:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_KEYSKIPPED");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_MINMAX:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_MINMAX");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_MOVESIZE:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_MOVESIZE");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_QS:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_QS");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_SETFOCUS:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_SETFOCUS");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case HCBT_SYSCOMMAND:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "HCBT_SYSCOMMAND");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        default:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "Unknown");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
    } 
    hResult = StringCchPrintf(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "CBT -  nCode: %s, tsk: %ld, %d times   ",
        szCode, wParam, c++);
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    }
    hResult = StringCchLength(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), &cch);
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    } 
    TextOut(hdc, 2, 75, szBuf, cch); 
    ReleaseDC(gh_hwndMain, hdc); 
    
    return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_CBT].hhook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 
} 
 
/**************************************************************** 
  WH_MOUSE hook procedure 
 ****************************************************************/ 
 
LRESULT CALLBACK MouseProc(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
    CHAR szBuf[128]; 
    CHAR szMsg[16]; 
    HDC hdc; 
    static int c = 0; 
    size_t cch; 
    HRESULT hResult;
 
    if (nCode < 0)  // do not process the message 
        return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_MOUSE].hhook, nCode, 
            wParam, lParam); 
 
    // Call an application-defined function that converts a message 
    // constant to a string and copies it to a buffer. 
 
    LookUpTheMessage((PMSG) lParam, szMsg); 
 
    hdc = GetDC(gh_hwndMain);
    hResult = StringCchPrintf(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), 
        "MOUSE - nCode: %d, msg: %s, x: %d, y: %d, %d times   ", 
        nCode, szMsg, LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam), c++); 
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    }
    hResult = StringCchLength(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), &cch);
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    }
    TextOut(hdc, 2, 95, szBuf, cch); 
    ReleaseDC(gh_hwndMain, hdc); 
    
    return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_MOUSE].hhook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 
} 
 
/**************************************************************** 
  WH_KEYBOARD hook procedure 
 ****************************************************************/ 
 
LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
    CHAR szBuf[128]; 
    HDC hdc; 
    static int c = 0; 
    size_t cch; 
    HRESULT hResult;
 
    if (nCode < 0)  // do not process message 
        return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_KEYBOARD].hhook, nCode, 
            wParam, lParam); 
 
    hdc = GetDC(gh_hwndMain);
    hResult = StringCchPrintf(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "KEYBOARD - nCode: %d, vk: %d, %d times ", nCode, wParam, c++);
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    } 
    hResult = StringCchLength(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), &cch);
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    } 
    TextOut(hdc, 2, 115, szBuf, cch); 
    ReleaseDC(gh_hwndMain, hdc); 
    
    return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_KEYBOARD].hhook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 
} 
 
/**************************************************************** 
  WH_MSGFILTER hook procedure 
 ****************************************************************/ 
 
LRESULT CALLBACK MessageProc(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
    CHAR szBuf[128]; 
    CHAR szMsg[16]; 
    CHAR szCode[32]; 
    HDC hdc; 
    static int c = 0; 
    size_t cch; 
    HRESULT hResult;
 
    if (nCode < 0)  // do not process message 
        return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_MSGFILTER].hhook, nCode, 
            wParam, lParam); 
 
    switch (nCode) 
    { 
        case MSGF_DIALOGBOX:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 32/sizeof(TCHAR), "MSGF_DIALOGBOX");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case MSGF_MENU:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 32/sizeof(TCHAR), "MSGF_MENU");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        case MSGF_SCROLLBAR:
            hResult = StringCchCopy(szCode, 32/sizeof(TCHAR), "MSGF_SCROLLBAR");
                    if (FAILED(hResult))
                    {
                    // TODO: write error handler
                    } 
            break; 
 
        default:
            hResult = StringCchPrintf(szCode, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), "Unknown: %d", nCode);
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    }
            break; 
    } 
 
    // Call an application-defined function that converts a message 
    // constant to a string and copies it to a buffer. 
 
    LookUpTheMessage((PMSG) lParam, szMsg); 
 
    hdc = GetDC(gh_hwndMain);
    hResult = StringCchPrintf(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR),  
        "MSGFILTER  nCode: %s, msg: %s, %d times    ", 
        szCode, szMsg, c++);
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    } 
    hResult = StringCchLength(szBuf, 128/sizeof(TCHAR), &cch);
    if (FAILED(hResult))
    {
    // TODO: write error handler
    } 
    TextOut(hdc, 2, 135, szBuf, cch); 
    ReleaseDC(gh_hwndMain, hdc); 
    
    return CallNextHookEx(myhookdata[IDM_MSGFILTER].hhook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 
}

Hook分类

Hook分为应用层（Ring3）Hook和内核层（Ring0）Hook，应用层Hook适用于x86和x64，而内核层Hook一般仅在x86平台适用，因为从Windows Vista的64版本开始引入的Patch Guard技术极大地限制了Windows x64内核挂钩的使用。

由于程序是指令和数据的集合，相应的出现了两类Hook，一类是修改数据，一类是修改函数内的指令。按C语言来类比的话，第一类是修改指针的值，第二类是修改指针指向的内容的值。总结来说就是Address Hook和Inline Hook。如下列示例

#include <stdio.h>

void printchar(char* ptr);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	char ch = 'A';
	char ch1 = 'B';
	char* pchar;

	pchar = &ch;
	printchar(pchar);

	pchar = &ch1;
	printchar(pchar);
    //Address Hook
	pchar = &ch;
	*pchar = 'C';
	printchar(pchar);
    //Inline Hook
	return 0;
}
void printchar(char* ptr)
{
	printf("Address=0x%x,Char=%c\n",ptr,*ptr);
}

运行如下

Address Hook

通过修改函数地址进行Hook的方法。

各类表中的地址

IAT

IAT存放输入函数地址，在静态链接的方式调用API时才会被Hook，在使用LoadLibrary或者GetProAddress进行动态调用时不受影响。

EAT

输出表存放函数地址的偏移，使用时需要加上模块基址。在Hook之后，所有通过输出表获取函数地址的行为都要受到欺骗。

user32.dll的回调函数表

USER32!apfnDispatch的回调函数表，用于存放各种用于GUI的回调函数

IDT

(Interrupt Descriptor Table)系统的中断描述符表是操作系统处理中断机制时使用的一张表。

SSDT

(system service descriptor table)系统服务描述符表，应用程序调用API后转入操作系统内核进行处理的表

C++类的虚地址表

虚函数使子类以相同的接口实现与基类不同的功能，用来保存虚函数的地址。一旦子类重载了某个函数，编译器会用子类中该函数的地址替换虚函数中对应的函数地址。

COM接口的功能函数表

同一个COM接口的所有接口函数都放在一个表中。

处理例程地址

常见于内核中

特殊寄存器地址

Windows使用MSR寄存器组中IA32_SYSENTER_EIP的值作为内核调用的入口，通过修改MSR寄存器中保存的快速调用入口函数地址来进行Hook

特定的函数指针

函数指针存在一个已知的地址，可以通过修改函数指针中的地址来实现Hook.

Inline Hook

直接修改指令的Hook，转移程序的执行流程，一般使用jmp、call、retn 、move之类的转移指令

push xxx/retn

jmp xxxx

mov eax,xxxx/jmp eax

call Hook

HotPatch Hook

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